Bostrichidae with entomopathogenic fungi beauveria bassiana balsamo. Controlling the larger grain borer, prostephanus truncatus in maize using host plant resistance and biological control techniques kwame a. Neuenschwander p, boregemeister c, langewald j, eds. Harnisch and krall, 1984, the larger grain borer, prostephanus truncatus horn coleoptera. Chemical control of cereal stemborers international. The most suitable containers are those that can be sealed such as metallic containers, old oil drums or mudded cribs or baskets.
Lesser grain borers mainly attack wheat, corn, rice and millet. A study on improving maize storage in millennium villages of. Modeling the potential range expansion of larger grain. A study on improving maize storage in millennium villages. It is primarily a wood boring pest that is preadapted to infest only certain stored. Since its accidental introduction from mexico and central america markham et al. Sds larger grain borer bullet lure insects limited, inc.
Page 1 of 2 safety data sheet larger grain borer bullet lure date revised. Final technical report prepared by the international institute of tropical agriculture iita, the university of ghana legon, the university of copenhagen, and the international center for improving maize and wheat cimmyt for the danish international development agency danida. In the past this storage was shortterm, from harvest until early spring. The adult beetles bore into maize cobs, husks and grains leaving tunnels and empty grain shells, and producing large quantities of grain dust. The head and abdomen feature rows of tiny indentations and the antennae finish with 3 larger segments that form a club. The larger grain borer easily attacks grains stored in gunny bags or guards. Alternatives to chemical control of storedproduct insects. Borer chemical control trunk insecticides emulsifiable. The larger grain borer, prostephanus truncatus horn coleoptera. Regulatory control of larger grain borer the introduction of larger grain borer, prostephanus truncatus, into tanzania in east africa during the late 1970s and togo in west africa during the early 1980s, and the spread to at least 14 other african countries are mentioned in fundamentals of stored product entomology.
The pest status of the larger grain borer, prostephanus truncatus coleoptera. Regulatory control of larger grain borer storedproductinsects. A survey of 296 respondents confirmed the presence of p. Sds larger grain borer bullet lure insects limited. Chemical control is the most commonly used and most effective control measure at the farm level. Biological control of the larger grain borer, prostephanus. Rhyzopertha is a monotypic genus of beetles in the family bostrichidae, the false powderpost beetles. This has necessitated the search for biopesticide that are environmentally friendly, nontoxic to humans and have a residual effect. As their name indicates, they like to bore into grain and grain products. Rice storage facilities take many forms depending on the quantity of grain to be stored, the purpose of storage, and the location of the store. Insecticide for the control of grain storage pests except larger or greater grain borer in bulkstored grain, bagged grain, storage surfaces. Townsend, extension entomologists over 50% of the grain produced in kentucky is held in onfarm storage for some period of time. Workshop on the containment and control of the larger grain borer, 1621 may 1988, arusha, tanzania.
This guide sets out the causes, impact, signs and symptoms of larger grain borer and offers practical advice on management through prevention and control strategies. In the case of the larger grain borer, the most effective method of control in maize is to admix a dilute insecticide dust with low mammalian toxicity, such as the synthetic pyrethroids. Hence, effective storage protection strategies are urgently required. Use maize varieties with a good husk cover that provide protection. Large quantities of grain dust are produced by the adults as they tunnel from grain to grain figure 3. Weight of grain dust, percentage grain damage and grain weight loss of maize kernels treated with. The biological activity of neem oil and neemazal against the larger grain borer, prostephanus truncatus horn was assessed in maize grain in the laboratory. Occurrence and distribution of prostephanus truncatus. Modeling the potential range expansion of larger grain borer. A synoptic compilation of measures to control the larger grain borer lgb and associated storage pests in maize and dried cassava. Grain borers can be found in most any part of the home. Anonymous 1997 biological and integrated control of the larger grain borer, prostephanus truncatus.
It is a beetle commonly found within store bought products and pest of stored cereal grains located worldwide. Although it is considered a postharvest pest, the lgb attacks maize both before and after harvest. However, the high cost of synthetic insecticides, pesticide resistance and environmental. Lesser grain borers can be found in most any part of the home. Alternative methods to chemical control 663 kps72 alternatives to chemical control of storedproduct insects on small farms in the tropics j. Final technical report prepared by the international institute of tropical agriculture iita, the university of ghana legon, the university of copenhagen, and the international. Pirimiphosmethyl, etrimfos and fenitrothion, from the organophosphate group, were mixed with deltamethrin, cyfluthrin and fenvalerate, from the synthetic pyrethrins group. The most commonly used english name for the species is larger grain borer lgb although. Plantderived products as protectans against the larger grain borer prostephanus truncatus and other storedfood pests. The sole species, rhyzopertha dominica, is known commonly as the lesser grain borer, american wheat weevil, australian wheat weevil, and stored grain borer. Larger grain borer was first detected in the mono province of southwestern benin in 1986 in locations very close to the border with togo anonymous, 1986. The use of synthetic insecticide has been faced with challenges of resistance among other drawbacks. Biological control and other pest management options for larger grain borer prostephanus truncatus. Control of the larger grain borer prostephanus truncatus horn.
Cultural control is the modification of production practices to make the. June 2014 section 1 product and company identification. The bioassays carried out were toxicity of the products against adults and immature stages. Control of the larger grain borer, prostephanus truncatus. This boring will many times leave nothing but empty shells where theyve fed. Further work to evaluate these fossil dusts was then initiated in tanzania r8179 where the devastating larger grain borer lgb, prostephanus truncatus is already widespread. Examples of primary cultural control practices include a draining a rice field. Workshop on the containment and control of the larger grain borer, arusha, tanzania, 1621 may 1988.
Training manual for the control of the greater larger grain borer prostephanus truncatus, horn. The distribution and control strategy for the larger grain borer prostephanus truncatus horn in tanzania pp. The ability of the larger grain borer lgb, prostephanus truncatus horn. The development of an environmentallysound pest management strategy for a destructive outbreak pest. The study sought to confirm reports by farmers and agricultural extension personnel of prostephanus truncatus horn attacking harvested maize in mashonaland west and mashonaland central provinces of zimbabwe and to map out, using pheromone trap catch data, the distribution of the pest in the country. Crop post harvest programme development of ipm techniques for. Bostrichidae by doug johnson, extension entomologist university of kentucky college of agriculture damage. Pdf control of the larger grain borer prostephanus truncatus. Only the pirimiphosmethyl and deltamethrin mixtures 7. Pdf biological control of larger grain borer, prostephanus.
The introduction of larger grain borer, prostephanus truncatus, into tanzania in east africa during the late 1970s and togo in west africa during the early 1980s, and the spread to at least 14 other african countries are mentioned in fundamentals of stored product entomology. Control of the larger grain borer, prostephanus truncatus, in. Produced by the agriculture and food protection department. Biological control of larger grain borer, prostephanus. Factsheet prostephanus truncatus horn larger grain borer lgb. Bostrichidae, is native to mexico and central america, where it is a pest of stored maize though it is also found in non. However, control of tissue borers with insecticides is relatively more difficult than control of the insect pests feeding externally on foliage, shoots and stems. Since then the pest has spread comparatively slowly from east to west in benin. Alternatives to chemical control of storedproduct insects on. Chemical control of maize stem borer chilo partellus swin.
Santos1 1 brazilian agricultural research corporation embrapa, national corn and sorghum research center embrapa corn and sorghum. Research was conducted in togo on the chemical control of prostephanus truncatus and sitophilus zeamais in shelled and bagged maize. Factsheet prostephanus truncatus horn larger grain. The alternative to store grain and animal feed without using chemical insecticides to control. Eds report ii technical papers presented at the workshop. Pathogenicity examination of dead adult lgb in maize grains treated with conidia of b. Primary cultural control primary cultural control practices are those adopted specifically to control insect pests. The challenge is to preserve good quality, and maintaining the grain free insecticide residues, and without insects, molds or micotoxins. Prostephanus truncatus in africa bioline international. Rusty grain beetle 3,000 5,000 lesser grain borer 5. Damage is severe figure 3 weight losses as high as 34% have been observed in some east african maize cribs after only 36 months storage. Factsheet prostephanus truncatus horn larger grain borer.
Chemicals and traditional materials including use of. Pdf resistance in maize to the larger grain borer, prostephanus. The release of predator, teretrius nigrescens, in togo in 1991 and. As their name indicates, they like to bore into grain and grain based products. Borer chemical control trunk insecticides emulsifiable concentrate formulation long lasting pyrethroids, bifenthrin onyx, permethrin astro systemic insecticides imidacloprid kills beetle borers only does not kill caterpillar borers wont work if vascular system is damaged. Bostrichidae in africa with special reference to the predator teretriosoma nigrescens lewis coleoptera. Chemical, physical and cultural control of prostephanus. Control of prostephanus trunca tvs horn coleoptera. Proceedings of the 1st conference on stored product insect pests. The lesser grain borer originated in south america but is now a cosmopolitan pest especially in warmer countries. Toxic effects of five plant extracts against the larger grain. The rate of development on loose shelled grain is usually slower than in grain on the cob. These in fulfilling the objectives food losses will be reduced and grain quality preserved by timely pest management action against larger grain borer. Grain storage and pest management 3 1 introduction the purpose of any grain storage facility is to prevent grain loss from weather, moisture, rodents, birds, insects, and microorganisms.
The spread and establishment of the predator is currently the subject of considerable. All grain taken into store should be dried to a suitable moisture content and temperature e. Toxic effects of five plant extracts against the larger. Cultural control practices can be characterized as primary and secondary cultural control. Agrodealers, extensionists, students, technical college, trainers in isfm, university cropping stages. Biological control of the larger grain borer prostephanus. This boring will many times leave nothing but empty grain shells in their wake. Chemical, physical and cultural control of prostephanus truncatus. Chemical control of insect pests will continue to be a major component of integrated pest management. Also for the public health use for the control of adult mosquitoes and cockroaches on mud houses with grass thatch. Control of the larger grain borer prostephanus truncatus. Basics of cultural control of rice insect pests lesson 1 definition of cultural control objective define cultural control, and understand its advantages and disadvantages, and scale of adoption required to derive benefit. The biology and control of prostephanus truncatus horn.
Toxic effects of five plant extracts against the larger grain borer. Pdf host plant resistance in maize can be a useful component of integrated pest management ipm of the larger grain borer lgb, prostephanus. Originally indigenous to mexico and central america, p. Bostrichidae with entomopathogenic fungi beauveria bassiana balsamo vaillemin hypocreales. The percentage of damaged seed due to larger grain borer in all the different storage methods increased over the 6 months. The larger grain borer lgb is a major pest of stored crops, such as maize, dried cassava roots and yams. In the hope of providing some measure of control of p. Chemicals and traditional materials including use of botanical products are some of the strategies, farmers use to control storage pests. Pest control services, ministry of agriculture and livestock developmentfood and agriculture organization of.
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